Linux 掛載新硬碟

1.新增硬碟 (fdisk)
先使用 fdisk -l 找出新增的硬碟 (本範例為 /dev/hdc 尚未 fdisk)


#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009c50e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1       12010    96467968   83  Linux
/dev/sda2           12010       13055     8388608   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd3b9abf3

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1       13054   104856223+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000



2.規劃進同一個 disk (volumn)


# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8ebc1942.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8ebc1942

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-39162, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-39162, default 39162):
Using default value 39162

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 39162 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8ebc1942

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1       39162   314568733+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3.再次檢查新增硬碟資訊
完成後，重開虛擬機器後，同樣用 fdisk -l 檢視，
就可以發現多了一個硬碟磁區 /dev/sdc1 可使用。

4.格式化磁碟

# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdc is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
19660800 inodes, 78643200 blocks
3932160 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
2400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.掛載磁碟

# mkdir /mnt/newdisk
# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdc /mnt/newdisk
# mount
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/sdc on /mnt/newdisk type ext4 (rw)

6.加入設定，開機自動掛載

# vi /etc/fstab

### 加入/dev/sdc      /mnt/newdisk ext4    defaults        0       0
   
# 確認自動掛載硬碟是否成功
monut -a